Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence. Early life nutrition can influence epigenetic changes, which in turn can affect an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases and their overall health trajectory.

1.DHA：The brain cortex is the outer layer of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions. DHA is a critical component of the brain cortex, and its presence is necessary for the proper development and maintenance of this region. Ensuring adequate DHA intake during early life can support the healthy growth and function of the brain cortex.

2.EPA：Blood lipid profile optimization involves maintaining healthy levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. EPA can help to lower triglyceride levels and increase HDL (good) cholesterol, which can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

3.ARA：Plasma lipid levels are indicative of cardiovascular health, and ARA is found in high concentrations in the plasma. Its presence there, up to 400mg/L in regular individuals, suggests a role in lipid metabolism and the maintenance of vascular health.

4.HMOs：The complexity of breast milk is highlighted by the presence of HMOs, which are intricately structured and serve multiple functions in infant health. Understanding the role of HMOs in breast milk is crucial for appreciating the full spectrum of nutrients that support the well-being of infants.

5.β-carotene：β-carotene is a prominent natural pigment belonging to the carotenoid class. It is responsible for the vibrant yellow, orange, red, and red hues found in a variety of animals, higher plants, fungi, and algae. As a natural pigment, β-carotene contributes not only to the visual appeal of foods but also to their nutritional value.

6.N-acetylneuraminic Acid：As a cognitive developmental nutrient, N-acetylneuraminic Acid is integral to the growth and development of the brain. It is particularly concentrated in areas associated with learning and memory, making it essential for promoting healthy brain development in infants and children.