There are many types of electric vehicle batteries, including ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium cobalt batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, etc. The advantages and disadvantages of these cells are explained below.

1. Ternary lithium battery

The cathode material of ternary lithium battery is lithium nickel cobalt manganate (NCM) or lithium nickel cobalt aluminate (NCA).ESS battery machine Among them, nickel, cobalt and manganese (or aluminum) are the main active elements, and lithium is the main carrier of ion migration.

During the charging management process, lithium ions are extracted from the positive electrode material, embedded in the negative electrode material after analyzing the electrolyte, and at the same time, electronic information mainly flows to the negative electrode through the external control circuit to maintain electrical neutrality.Solid-state batteries During the development of discharge, lithium ions are released from the negative electrode material and return to the positive electrode material after passing through the electrolyte. At the same time, the electronic products in the external system circuit flow to the positive electrode.

Advantage

High energy density: Ternary lithium-ion batteries have high energy density and can provide a long range of use.

Good high-temperature performance:sodium ion battery Ternary lithium batteries have relatively stable performance in high-temperature environments.

Disadvantages

Safety issues: Ternary lithium batteries may undergo thermal runaway under abnormal conditions such as high temperature or short circuit, posing safety risks.

Higher cost: Due to the use of expensive elements such as nickel and cobalt, the cost of ternary lithium batteries is relatively high.

2. Lithium iron phosphate battery

The positive electrode structural material of lithium iron phosphate battery is lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), which is composed of lithium ions, iron ions and phosphate ions. During the charging management process, lithium ions are extracted from the positive electrode material and embedded in the negative electrode material after analyzing the electrolyte. At the same time, electronic information mainly flows to the negative electrode through the external control circuit to maintain electrical neutrality.

During discharge, lithium ions move out of the anode material, pass through the electrolyte, and return to the cathode material, while electrons in the external circuit flow toward the cathode.

Advantage

High safety and stability: Lithium iron phosphate batteries have high thermal stability and are not prone to safety issues such as thermal runaway.

Long life: Lithium iron phosphate batteries have a long cycle life and can support long-term use of electric vehicles.

Low cost: The cost of lithium iron phosphate batteries is relatively low and does not contain precious metal elements.

Disadvantages

Lower energy distribution density: Compared with a ternary lithium battery, the energy distribution density of lithium iron phosphate batteries is relatively low, which limits the cruising range of electric new energy vehicles.

Poor high temperature resistance: Lithium iron phosphate batteries have relatively poor high temperature resistance.

3. Lithium cobalt oxide battery

The cathode material of lithium cobalt oxide battery is LiCoO2, of which cobalt is the main active element. During the charging process, lithium ions are extracted from the positive electrode material and embedded in the positive electrode material after passing through the electrolyte. At the same time, electrons flow to the negative electrode through the external circuit to maintain electrical neutrality. During the discharge process, lithium ions are released from the negative electrode material and return to the positive electrode material after passing through the electrolyte. At the same time, electrons in the external circuit flow to the positive electrode.

Advantage

High energy density: Lithium-cobalt batteries have high energy density and can provide longer range.

Good high-temperature performance: Lithium cobalt oxide batteries have relatively stable performance in high-temperature environments.

Rapid development of charging technology capabilities: Lithium cobalt oxide batteries have better rapid charging management capabilities.

Disadvantages

Safety issues: Lithium-cobalt batteries may undergo thermal runaway under abnormal conditions such as high temperature or short circuit, posing safety risks.

Higher cost: The cost of lithium cobalt oxide batteries is relatively high due to the use of more expensive cobalt.

Impact on the environment: The cobalt element used in lithium cobalt production has certain negative impacts on the environment.

4.NiMH battery

The positive electrode material of the nickel-hydrogen battery is nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2), the negative electrode material is titanium hydride (TiH2) or zirconium hydride (ZrH2), and the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide (KOH) aqueous solution. During the charging process, hydrogen ions are released from the positive electrode material and embedded in the positive electrode material after passing through the electrolyte. At the same time, electrons flow to the negative electrode through the external circuit to maintain electrical neutrality.

During the development of discharge, hydrogen ions escape from the negative electrode material and return to the positive electrode material after analyzing the electrolyte. At the same time, electronic information in the external control circuit flows to the positive electrode.

Advantage

Long life: Ni-MH batteries have a long cycle life and can support long-term use of electric vehicles.

Environmentally friendly: Ni-MH batteries do not contain toxic substances and are environmentally friendly.

Fast charging ability: Ni-MH batteries have good fast charging ability and can be charged in a short time.

Disadvantages

Low energy density: Compared with ternary lithium batteries and lithium cobalt oxide batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries have lower energy density, which limits the cruising range of electric vehicles.

High self-discharge rate: The self-discharge rate of nickel-metal hydride power batteries is high, and the power data can easily be exhausted if it cannot be used for a long time.